Las claves de seguridad del desafío migratorio actual para España y para la Unión Europea (UE). KEY SAFETY FACTORS REGARDING THE ISSUE OF MIGRATION FOR SPAIN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

The book analyses how the resizing of the irregular migratory offensive in Europe in the last years has sorne central scenarios that include Spain. Our country has changed from in the 1990s being a country traditionally emitting migrants to other European countries and a transit country of Maghreb migrants with the same destination, to being a country of establishment for more and more diverse flows and of more diverse origins (in particular from sub-Saharan Africa). We study moments such as the birth of FRONTEX in the context of the migratory offensive to Spanish soil in the middle of the last decade and the expansion of the challenge as a result of the outbreak of the Arab revolts with their dramatic consequences in terms of security. This has led to the involvement of more and more EU countries in the management of this challenge (ltaly, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Austria, Sweden, etc.) but without losing sight of the fact that, taking into account both demographics and insecurity (military, environmen­tal, economic and political) in Africa, the role of Spain is and will remain to be, central.